Question 1:
What are some key historical milestones and the primary
purpose behind the development of the C programming language?
The C programming language was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in the
early 1970s primarily for use in system programming. Its development was
influenced by the need for a programming language that could efficiently
interact with hardware while providing high-level abstraction.
Question 2:
Describe the basic structure of a C program, including
the essential components and their order within a typical C source file.
A basic C program typically consists of preprocessor directives, global
declarations, function declarations, and the main function. Preprocessor
directives are at the beginning, followed by global variable and function
declarations, with the main function being the entry point of the program.
Question 3:
Differentiate between integer, floating-point, and
character types in C, providing examples of each.
In C, integer types represent whole numbers (e.g., int, long),
floating-point types represent real numbers with a fractional part (e.g.,
float, double), and character types represent single characters (e.g., char).
For example, int num = 10; float pi = 3.14; char letter = 'A';
Question 4:
Explain the significance of constants and variables in C
programming, and discuss the rules for naming and declaring them.
Constants are values that do not change during program execution, while
variables are storage locations whose values can vary. Constants are declared
using the const keyword, and variables are declared by specifying their data
type followed by their name. Both constants and variables must adhere to naming
rules, including starting with a letter or underscore, and can contain letters,
digits, or underscores.
Question 5:
Explain the syntax and usage of the if statement in C
programming, and provide an example.
The if statement in C is used for conditional execution. It evaluates a
condition and executes a block of code if the condition is true. Example:
if (x > 0) { printf("Positive"); }
Question 6:
Discuss the role and structure of the if-else statement
in C, illustrating its usage with an example.
The if-else statement allows for executing different blocks of code based
on the evaluation of a condition. If the condition is true, the code inside the
if block is executed; otherwise, the code inside the else block is executed.
Example:
if (x > 0)
{
printf("Positive");
}
else
{
printf("Non-positive");
}
Question 7:
What is a nested if-else statement in C? Provide an
example demonstrating its usage.
A nested if-else statement in C is when one if-else statement is nested
within another. It allows for handling multiple conditions in a hierarchical
manner. Example
if (x > 0)
{
if (x % 2 ==
0)
{
printf("Positive
and even");
}
else
{
printf("Positive
and odd");
}
}
else
{
printf("Non-positive");
}
Question 8:
Explain the syntax and usage of the switch statement in
C, and describe when it is preferable over if-else statements.
The switch statement in C is used for multi-way branching based on the
value of an expression. It provides an alternative to multiple nested if-else
statements, especially when there are many possible values to test. Example:
switch (day)
{
case 1:
printf("Monday"); break;
case 2:
printf("Tuesday"); break;
default:
printf("Invalid day");
}
Question 9:
Discuss the syntax and purpose of loops in C programming,
including while, do-while, and for loops.
Loops in C, including while, do-while, and for loops, are used for
repetitive execution of a block of code. The while loop executes a block of
code as long as the condition remains true. The do-while loop is similar, but
it executes the block of code at least once before checking the condition. The
for loop provides a concise way to initialize, test, and increment a loop
counter. Example:
while (x < 5) {
printf("%d", x);
x++;
}
Question 10:
Explain the use of the break and continue statements in C loops, providing examples for each.
The break statement in C is used to terminate the loop prematurely,
skipping the remaining iterations. Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
if (i == 5)
{
break;
}
printf("%d",
i);
}
The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration
and proceed to the next iteration of the loop. Example:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
if (i % 2 == 0)
{
continue;
}
}
.png)